Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:07

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

178
Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...
178
Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:24

Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

176
Proportional-Derivative (PD) controllers are widely used in fan control systems to improve stability and performance. A fan control system can be effectively represented using a Bode plot to illustrate the impact of a PD controller through its transfer function. The Bode plot visually conveys how PD control modifies the fan's response across various frequencies, providing a frequency domain interpretation of the controller's behavior.
The proportional control gain, combined with the...
176
PD Controller: Design01:26

PD Controller: Design

349
In automotive engineering, car suspension systems often employ Proportional Derivative (PD) controllers to enhance performance. PD controllers are utilized to adjust the damping force in response to road conditions. A controller, acting as an amplifier with a constant gain, demonstrates proportional control, with output directly mirroring input.
Designing a continuous-data controller requires selecting and linking components like adders and integrators, which are fundamental in Proportional,...
349
PI Controller: Design01:24

PI Controller: Design

486
Proportional Integral (PI) controllers are a fundamental component in modern control systems, widely used to enhance performance and mitigate steady-state errors. They are particularly effective in applications such as automatic brightness adjustment on smartphones, where they excel at mitigating steady-state errors for step-function inputs. Unlike PD controllers, which require time-varying errors to function optimally, PI controllers leverage their integral component to address residual...
486
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

296
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
296

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Stellar feedback drives the baryon deficiency in low-mass galaxies.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Freestanding Bamboo-Like Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanofibers/PANI Dual-Conductive Cathodes via Interfacial Engineering for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Overcoming Batch Variability: A Chemically Defined XRS-Based System for Ovine In Vitro Embryo Production.

Veterinary medicine international·2026
Same author

Proximal stent graft combined with distal bare stent <i>vs</i>. conventional thoracic endovascular aortic repair in the treatment of complicated Stanford type B aortic dissection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of thoracic disease·2025
Same author

Contribution of Gli1<sup>+</sup> Adventitial Stem Cells to Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis and Vascular Injury.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025
Same author

Fibroblast Activation Protein Acts as a Biomarker for Monitoring ECM Remodeling During Aortic Aneurysm via <sup>68</sup>Ga-FAPI-04 PET Imaging.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Design and Analysis for Fall Detection System Simplification
08:05

Design and Analysis for Fall Detection System Simplification

Published on: April 6, 2020

10.8K

Design of Security Control for Dual-Rate CPSs Under Two-Channel DoS Attacks: SAH-Based and ASP-Based Estimation

Enci Wang, Yang Yi, Xiangpeng Xie

    IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics
    |August 22, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces advanced methods for state estimation and security control in dual-rate cyber-physical systems (CPSs) facing denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, enhancing system resilience and performance.

    More Related Videos

    Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
    05:30

    Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

    Published on: September 8, 2023

    658
    Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
    06:45

    Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator

    Published on: October 28, 2022

    1.8K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Sep 10, 2025

    Design and Analysis for Fall Detection System Simplification
    08:05

    Design and Analysis for Fall Detection System Simplification

    Published on: April 6, 2020

    10.8K
    Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
    05:30

    Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

    Published on: September 8, 2023

    658
    Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
    06:45

    Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator

    Published on: October 28, 2022

    1.8K

    Area of Science:

    • Cyber-Physical Systems
    • Control Theory
    • Network Security

    Background:

    • Dual-rate cyber-physical systems (CPSs) face complex state estimation and control challenges due to signal asynchrony and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks.
    • Cyber attacks on sensor-to-controller channels exacerbate system complexity, degrading performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate state estimation and security control for discrete-time dual-rate CPSs under DoS attacks.
    • To develop robust estimation methods that ensure favorable state estimates despite low-frequency sampling and DoS attacks.
    • To design security control inputs guaranteeing performance and attack resilience.

    Main Methods:

    • An improved sample-and-hold (SAH) estimator based on signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and two-channel probability descriptions.
    • An alternating-sampling-prediction (ASP)-based estimation method using virtual outputs and iterative predictive information.
    • Convex optimization analysis to calculate estimator and controller gains for stochastic stability.

    Main Results:

    • The SAH estimator provides favorable state estimates under low-frequency sampling and DoS attacks.
    • The ASP method significantly enhances control performance compared to SAH by reconstructing complete state information.
    • Security control inputs are designed to ensure ideal performance and resilience against attacks.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed ASP-based estimation method offers superior control performance for dual-rate CPSs under DoS attacks.
    • Both SAH and ASP methods, coupled with designed security controls, achieve stochastic stability in closed-loop systems.
    • Simulations on satellite and quadrotor systems validate the effectiveness and comparative advantages of the proposed methods.