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Treatment of Facial Deformities using 3D Planning and Printing of Patient-Specific Implants
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Virtual Surgical Planning for Facial Masculinization Surgery.

Eric Bao1, Stephanie Rothberg2, Sydney Barone3

  • 1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwell Health.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|August 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Facial masculinization surgery using virtual surgical planning (VSP) and poly (ether-ether ketone) (PEEK) implants resulted in high patient satisfaction. This gender-affirming procedure tailored implants to individual anatomy, achieving desired masculine facial proportions with minimal complications.

Keywords:
Facial implantsfacial masculinization surgerygender affirming surgeryvirtual surgical planning

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Gender Affirming Care
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Facial masculinization surgery (FMS) aims to create masculine facial features for transmasculine individuals.
  • Poly (ether-ether ketone) (PEEK) implants offer a biocompatible option for craniofacial reconstruction.
  • Virtual surgical planning (VSP) enables precise customization of implants based on patient anatomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the outcomes and complications of FMS using VSP-guided PEEK implants in transmasculine patients.
  • To assess patient satisfaction with the aesthetic results of FMS.
  • To determine the safety and efficacy of this approach for gender affirmation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 6 transmasculine patients undergoing FMS with PEEK implants.
  • Utilized VSP for personalized design of chin and mandibular angle implants.
  • Recorded demographic data, surgical procedures, complications, and patient satisfaction.

Main Results:

  • A total of 12 procedures were performed, including mandible augmentation (6/6), chin augmentation (3/6), and tracheal augmentation (3/6).
  • All patients reported high satisfaction with their surgical outcomes.
  • One patient developed a chin abscess, successfully treated with antibiotics and drainage; no revisionary surgeries were required.

Conclusions:

  • VSP-guided PEEK implants are effective for achieving desired masculine facial proportions in FMS.
  • This approach enhances patient satisfaction in gender-affirming care.
  • The technique demonstrates a favorable safety profile with a low complication rate.