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Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
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Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

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Elements of visuopathy of prematurity are unified by intermittent or sustained systemic inflammation

Olaf Dammann, Tora Morken, Steven Brooks

    Progress in Retinal and Eye Research
    |August 22, 2025
    PubMed

    Insights

    Systemic inflammation in preterm infants may cause major visual and neurodevelopmental impairments. This study proposes a unifying etio-pathogenesis for these adverse visual outcomes, termed "visuopathy of prematurity".

    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal ophthalmology
    • Neurodevelopmental pediatrics
    • Systemic inflammation research

    Background:

    • Preterm infants face significant risks for visual system pathologies like retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), cerebral visual impairment (CVI), and neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI).
    • The distinct pathologies often occur together, suggesting a shared underlying cause.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a unifying etio-pathogenesis for major visual and neurodevelopmental impairments in preterm infants.
    • To introduce the concept of "visuopathy of prematurity" (VOP) encompassing adverse visual outcomes (AVO).

    Main Methods:

    • Review and synthesis of published evidence.
    • Development of a phased etio-pathogenic paradigm.

    Main Results:

    • Hypothesized common etio-pathogenesis involving intermittent and/or sustained systemic inflammation (ISSI).
    • Proposed a three-phase model: early (prenatal), intermediate (neonatal), and late (outcomes).

    Conclusions:

    • ISSI is presented as a central factor in the development of VOP.
    • The proposed paradigm offers a framework for understanding and potentially intervening in ROP, CVI, and NDI in preterm infants.

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