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Updated: Sep 10, 2025

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Contextual Modulation of Primary Visual Cortex by Temporal Predictability During Motion Extrapolation.

Camila Silveira Agostino1,2,3, Herman Hinrichs4,5,6, Toemme Noesselt1,4

  • 1Department of Biological Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.

Brain and Behavior
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Predicting motion relies on visual cortex activity, influenced by recent experiences rather than overall predictability. Trial history, not just predictability, shapes brain responses during motion extrapolation tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Predicting future events is crucial and linked to environmental predictability.
  • Previous research on apparent motion and visual cortex activity during predictable vs. unpredictable environments yielded conflicting results.
  • The impact of temporal predictability on brain responses in continuous motion paradigms remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how motion extrapolation in predictable and unpredictable contexts modulates fMRI responses in the primary visual cortex.
  • To examine brain activity during visible and partially occluded visual stimuli under varying predictability conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Eighteen participants completed a modified interception task with visible and occluded motion phases.
  • fMRI data was acquired while participants judged stimulus trajectory and contact point.
  • Two contexts were used: high predictability (constant velocity) and low predictability (changing velocity).

Main Results:

  • Univariate analysis showed similar modulation of primary visual cortex activity across both predictability contexts.
  • Trial-history analysis revealed increased BOLD responses in V1 following changes in velocity (trial type).
  • Multivariate pattern analysis identified distinct patterns for congruent vs. incongruent trials, especially in low predictability contexts.

Conclusions:

  • Motion extrapolation modulates primary visual cortex activity irrespective of average predictability.
  • Recent trial history significantly influences brain responses during motion extrapolation.
  • Findings suggest that the brain adapts to changes in motion predictability based on recent experience.