The associated factors of nutritional issues and body composition in Rett syndrome

Individuals with Rett syndrome (RTT), a rare neurodevelopmental disorder, often face significant nutritional challenges. We explored factors affecting nutritional status and body composition in RTT individuals using dietary assessments and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). This study involved 40 participants and found that underweight individuals with severe growth deficits often had reduced body fat, visceral fat, and arm circumference. Protein and zinc intake percentages were significantly lower in those with higher severity scores. Adolescents with the highest growth deficit and underweight ratios had caloric, protein, and calcium intakes below the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). Over 88 % of adults had insufficient calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and fiber intake. Among the 15 females with RTT, sarcopenia was present in 14 (93.3 %), while sarcopenic obesity was present in 4 (26.67 %). Therefore, comprehensive dietary and body composition assessments, including body mass index, body fat, skeletal muscle, and mid-upper arm circumference, are crucial for identifying nutritional disorders in RTT. Addressing these issues through appropriate interventions is essential for improving nutritional management and outcomes for individuals with RTT.