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Mitigating light pollution impacts on arthropods based on light-emitting diode properties.

Nicola van Koppenhagen1, Martin M Gossner1,2, Jörg Haller3

  • 1Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.

Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology
|August 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Reducing artificial light at night (ALAN) with dimmed and focused LED luminaires significantly benefits arthropod populations. This practical approach minimizes ecological disruption, aiding nocturnal species conservation.

Keywords:
ALANLANLEDarthropodsartificial light at nightartrópodoscontaminación lumínicaecological impactecosystem functionestrategias de mitigación lumínicafunción ambientaliluminación exterior sustentablelight mitigation strategieslight pollutionluz artificial nocturnasustainable outdoor lighting光污染减缓光污染策略发光二极管(LED)可持续户外照明夜间人工光(ALAN)生态影响生态系统功能节肢动物

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Entomology

Background:

  • Artificial light at night (ALAN) poses a significant environmental threat to ecosystems.
  • Light-emitting diode (LED) technology presents potential sustainable outdoor lighting solutions, but ecological impacts require scientific validation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of LED lighting properties (color temperature, intensity, luminaire shape) on arthropod populations.
  • To assess the combined impact of these properties on flight-active and ground-dwelling arthropods.

Main Methods:

  • Field experiment conducted at three forest sites in Switzerland over three summers.
  • Standardized LED streetlights were used to monitor arthropods via automated flight-interception and pitfall traps.
  • Evaluated the impact of light absence, dimming (50%), and focused luminaires.

Main Results:

  • Absence of light reduced arthropod capture by 91%.
  • Dimming lights by 50% and using focused luminaires reduced captures by 22% and 42%, respectively.
  • Light color influenced arthropod responses primarily when combined with dimming.

Conclusions:

  • Ecological benefits of darkness are substantial.
  • Optimized LED lighting (focused and dimmed) offers a practical strategy to mitigate ALAN's ecological impact.
  • Conservation of nocturnal species can be promoted through informed lighting design.