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Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

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 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
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The case management model is a multidisciplinary approach that involves healthcare professionals from diverse disciplines, such as physicians, nurses, therapists, social workers, and pharmacists, working collaboratively to address the various needs of patients. Each healthcare professional brings unique expertise and perspectives, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the patient's condition and tailoring treatment plans accordingly.
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During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
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Atherosclerosis IV: Nursing Management01:23

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Nursing management for a patient with arteriosclerosis involves a comprehensive approach focusing on lifestyle modification, disease monitoring, education, and symptomatic care. Here is an overview of effective nursing strategies:Assessment and Monitoring: Initial and ongoing assessments are crucial. Nurses must document the patient's medical history, including any hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and other cardiovascular diseases. Assessments also cover family history and lifestyle...
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Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
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Primary Care Strategies for Managing Musculoskeletal Pain: A Narrative Overview.

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  • 1Medical Ethics, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Health, New York, USA.

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|August 25, 2025
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Summary

Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is a common cause of disability. Effective management in primary care involves comprehensive assessment, multidisciplinary approaches, and judicious use of therapies to prevent chronicity and reduce socioeconomic burden.

Keywords:
chronic pain managementmultidisciplinary approachmusculoskeletal painnon-pharmacologic therapyprimary careprimary care practitioner

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Area of Science:

  • Primary Care Medicine
  • Rheumatology
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is a leading cause of disability and frequent reason for primary care visits.
  • MSP significantly impacts socioeconomic factors through absenteeism, healthcare use, and lost productivity.
  • Primary care practitioners (PCPs) play a crucial role in early identification and management to prevent long-term disability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide clinical guidance and review current evidence on MSP assessment and management in primary care.
  • To highlight the necessity of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary strategy for MSP.
  • To emphasize the integration of digital health tools and models like STarT Back for improved care.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of clinical guidance and current evidence.
  • Focus on assessment including red/yellow flag screening and imaging.
  • Evaluation of pharmacologic (NSAIDs, adjuvants) and non-pharmacologic interventions (exercise, psychological support, manual therapy, education).

Main Results:

  • A multidisciplinary approach combining clinical evaluation, appropriate pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies is recommended.
  • Digital health tools and models like STarT Back can enhance care coordination and accessibility.
  • Gaps in practice include limited physiotherapy access, short consultations, and overuse of imaging and opioids.

Conclusions:

  • Timely, conservative, patient-centered care is essential for effective MSP management.
  • Addressing practice gaps requires improved clinician education, allied health access, and system support.
  • Integrating evidence-based strategies can mitigate the burden of MSP.