Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Media-Derived Exosomes Loaded With Grifola frondosa Extract Inhibit Lung Cancer via...

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Science
• Cancer Research
• Drug Discovery

Background:

• Drug resistance limits chemotherapy efficacy in lung cancer patients.
• Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to combat lung cancer.
• Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes offer a promising drug delivery platform.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the anti-cancer effects of Grifola frondosa extract-loaded exosomes on lung cancer cells.
• To evaluate the impact of these exosomes on cancer cell viability, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis.
• To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, including cell cycle regulation and signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

• Exosomes were isolated from mesenchymal stem cells and loaded with Grifola frondosa extract via sonication.
• In vitro assays were performed on A549 lung cancer cells to assess cell viability, colony formation, mitochondrial membrane potential, migration, apoptosis, and autophagy.
• Apoptosis-related gene expression was analyzed using real-time PCR, and NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways were evaluated by western blotting.

Main Results:

• Extract-exosomes significantly inhibited lung cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration.
• Treatment with extract-exosomes increased mitochondrial membrane disruption, apoptosis, and autophagy in cancer cells.
• Cell cycle analysis revealed an accumulation of treated cells in the G1 and sub-G1 phases.

Conclusions:

• Grifola frondosa extract-loaded exosomes demonstrate potent anti-cancer activity against lung cancer cells.
• The mechanism involves the induction of apoptosis and autophagy, cell cycle arrest, and modulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
• This exosome-based therapeutic approach holds potential for developing novel lung cancer treatments.