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Lattice-Engineered Lanthanide Nanocrystals with Tunable Near-Infrared-IIb Lifetime.

Feng Ren¹, Feng Wu^1,2, Sisi Ling¹

¹CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Organoid Engineering and Precision Medicine, Division of Nanobiomedicine and i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|August 25, 2025

Summary

We engineered lanthanide nanocrystals (LnNCs) with strain-graded lattices, significantly enhancing their near-infrared-IIb optical properties for advanced bioimaging applications.

Keywords:

Lanthanide nanocrystal Lattice engineering Multiplexed bioimaging NIR‐IIb lifetime Phonon energy

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Optical Physics

Background:

Lattice engineering in lanthanide nanocrystals (LnNCs) is key for optical property tuning.
Manipulating downconversion characteristics via lattice engineering is underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To engineer LnNC lattices from distorted to strain-graded.
To investigate the impact of lattice strain on downconversion and near-infrared-IIb (NIR-IIb) lifetimes.
To explore applications in time-resolved multiplexed bioimaging.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of vacancy-controlled β-NaₓGdF₃₊ₓ:Yb,A (A = Tm/Er, x = 0.5, 0.75, 1) nanocrystals.
CaF₂ deposition to engineer lattice structures (distorted to strain-graded).
Characterization of optical properties and lifetime measurements in the NIR-IIb region (1500-1700 nm).

Main Results:

Strain-graded lattices with high phonon energy enhanced multi-phonon orbit-lattice relaxation (MPR).
NIR-IIb lifetimes of Er³⁺/Tm³⁺ were extended by 2-4 times.
Epitaxial CaF₂ growth exponentially tuned NIR-IIb lifetimes (Tm³⁺: 0.74–6.28 ms; Er³⁺: 0.055–9.2 ms).

Conclusions:

Strain-graded lattices effectively enhance MPR and extend NIR-IIb lifetimes in LnNCs.
CaF₂ deposition offers precise control over LnNC optical properties.
Developed LnNCs show promise for time-resolved multiplexed bioimaging.