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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Information Science
    • Quantum Control Theory

    Background:

    • Quantum entanglement is crucial for quantum information processing (QIP).
    • Current quantum control methods often require predefined target states, limiting flexibility for diverse entanglement structures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a flexible quantum control framework for generating a wide range of entangled states.
    • To enable the creation of entangled states without specifying a fixed target state.

    Main Methods:

    • Introduced a sliding mode control (SMC) framework utilizing an entanglement measure as the sliding surface.
    • Adjusted the desired entanglement level to generate various states, including bipartite/multipartite and pure/mixed states.
    • Established Lyapunov stability for the control scheme.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully generated a wide range of entangled states, including maximally entangled states (MESs).
    • The control law is independent of the number of subsystems due to the scalar-valued entanglement measure.
    • Numerical simulations confirmed the robust generation of MESs in bipartite and multipartite systems.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed SMC framework offers a flexible and robust method for generating diverse entangled states in QIP.
    • This approach overcomes limitations of fixed-target control methods, enhancing adaptability for complex quantum systems.