Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Surgical Technique for Spinal Cord Delivery of Therapies: Demonstration of Procedure in Gottingen Minipigs
Published on: December 7, 2012
Accessing the Subdural Space of the Rodent Spinal Cord for Treatment Delivery
Salvador Lopez1, Chien Kow2, Manju Ganesh3
1School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland; salvador.lopez@auckland.ac.nz.
Abstract:
Treating spinal cord diseases or injuries is challenging, in part, due to difficulties in developing effective treatments that can be directly applied to the cord. Current treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI), for example, are primarily epidural. However, epidural therapies do not allow for direct interaction with the spinal cord, reducing the potential treatment effect. Here, a method is proposed for accessing the subdural space in a rodent model for a more direct effect of a given treatment. Using the protocol described, a successful subdural implantation of a bioelectronic device for spinal cord recording/stimulation, as well as safe insertion of a neurotrophin-3 loaded hydrogel, was performed. Animals exposed to this protocol in both applications showed no change in hindlimb or forelimb function following the procedure, and no dysfunction developed for up to 12 weeks post-procedure. While the examples presented here are highly specific, the proposed protocol can be used in a variety of applications to allow for more effective localized treatment of neurological disorders of the spinal cord.
Related Concept Videos
Bone Markings
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
Teeth
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Tooth Anatomy
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.

