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Updated: Sep 10, 2025

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A Single-Channel and Non-Invasive Wearable Brain-Computer Interface for Industry and Healthcare
Published on: July 7, 2023
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Secure wireless communication of brain-computer interface and mind control of smart devices enabled by
Qiang Xiao1,2, Lin Han Fan3, Qian Ma4,5
1State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves and Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Nature Communications
|August 25, 2025
Summary
This study introduces a novel brain-computer interface (BCI) using deep fusion coding and metasurfaces for secure, reliable brain-to-device communication. The new system enhances human-machine interactions in complex wireless environments.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Electrical Engineering
- Materials Science
Background:
- Existing brain-computer interface (BCI) technologies primarily focus on signal transmission, often lacking robust security and reliability in complex wireless environments.
- Current BCIs have limited consideration for safeguarding human brain information interactions.
- The need for secure and reliable human-machine interfaces is growing with advancements in BCI and wireless technologies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a deep fusion coding scheme integrating BCI visual stimulation coding with metasurface space-time coding.
- To develop a secure wireless communication system for brain-computer interfaces using a brain space-time-coding metasurface platform.
- To establish a reliable and safeguarded paradigm for remote human-machine interactions.
Main Methods:
- A deep fusion coding scheme combining BCI visual stimulation coding and metasurface space-time coding was developed.
- A brain space-time-coding metasurface platform was designed and fabricated.
- The system utilized harmonic-encrypted beams for secure wireless communication.
Main Results:
- A proof-of-principle prototype was successfully designed and fabricated.
- Experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed wireless BCI scheme.
- The system established a remote, secure communication channel for human-machine interactions.
Conclusions:
- The proposed deep fusion coding scheme offers a reliable and secure method for brain-computer interface communication.
- The brain space-time-coding metasurface platform provides a novel approach to secure wireless systems.
- This research presents a potential future direction for secure wireless communications and intelligent metasurfaces.

