A canine model for the investigation of human calculus disease

The rapid development of new methods for the treatment of renal calculi requires an animal model to assess the efficacy of stone treatment in vivo. This requires the implantation of human calculi large enough to be easily imaged radiologically. Most previous models have required multiple operative procedures and ureteric obstruction which has confused results. This study demonstrates the one-stage insertion of human calculi into the canine renal pelvis through a nephrostomy which does not affect the collecting system or cause any significant functional or structural damage to the kidney.