Fluid mechanics within mycorrhizal networks: exploring concepts, traits, and methodologies

Mycorrhizal fungi form hyphal networks for water and solute transport between soil and plant roots. Trait-based research on these organisms typically focuses on spores and resource exchange structures within plant roots, but researchers have explored extraradical networks, the larger part of these organisms, much less. To stimulate more research in this area, I review the literature on mycorrhizal networks, viewing them as biological vascular systems of pipelines that grow dynamically for resource exploration. In this context, I explore how fluid mechanics can offer traits that are valid in understanding eco-evolutionary trade-offs. I also consider the associated topological traits that affect solute transport within hyphal networks. In addition, I identify knowledge gaps and review methodologies for future research in this space.