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Pressure injuries in acute care.

Hetal Patel1

  • 1Hetal Patel was a student in the Doctor of Medical Science program at A.T. Still University in Mesa, AZ, at the time this article was written, and now practices hospital medicine and serves as coordinator for hospital medicine advanced practice providers at Cleveland Clinic Martin Health System in Port Saint Lucie, FL. The author has disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.

JAAPA : Official Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants
|August 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) are a significant concern, impacting patient health and hospital finances. Early detection and prevention strategies are vital to minimize complications and costs.

Keywords:
Braden ScaleNorton Scalepressure injuriespressure ulcersrisk factorsstaging

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Nursing
  • Patient Safety
  • Healthcare Management

Background:

  • Hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) present a substantial challenge in acute care settings.
  • These injuries adversely affect patient well-being and impose considerable financial strain on healthcare facilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the pathophysiology, risk factors, and staging of HAPIs.
  • To highlight effective prevention strategies and discuss the financial implications of HAPIs.
  • To emphasize the critical role of early detection in managing HAPIs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathophysiology, risk factors, staging, and prevention of HAPIs.
  • Analysis of financial burdens associated with HAPIs in hospitalized patients.
  • Exploration of the impact of HAPIs on patient outcomes and hospital costs.

Main Results:

  • HAPIs are linked to negative patient health outcomes and increased healthcare expenditures.
  • Timely identification and intervention are crucial for mitigating HAPI development and severity.
  • Effective prevention protocols can reduce the incidence and associated costs of HAPIs.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection and proactive prevention are paramount in addressing the challenges posed by HAPIs.
  • Implementing evidence-based strategies can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce financial burdens.
  • A multidisciplinary approach is essential for successful HAPI prevention and management in hospitals.