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Updated: May 2, 2026

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Oral reference dose (RfD) derivation for five bisphenol A alternatives integrating BMD and NOAEL/LOAEL approaches

Yan Xia1, Wenhua Ma2, Jing Cao3

  • 1Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510430, PR China.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
|August 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study establishes crucial reference doses for five bisphenol A (BPA) alternatives, including bisphenol B (BPB) and bisphenol AF (BPAF). These findings provide vital data on the health risks of BPA substitutes, supporting public health protection.

Keywords:
Benchmark doseBisphenolsHuman exposureOral exposureReference dose

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