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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Bioavailability

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Bioavailability

Modified-release (MR) dosage forms are designed to extend drug release over time, thereby maintaining stable plasma concentrations and reducing dosing frequency. However, their bioavailability is typically below 100% due to incomplete drug release and presystemic metabolism, and limitations in drug permeability across the gastrointestinal epithelium, all of which can restrict the fraction of the drug reaching systemic circulation. Consequently, studying the in vivo bioavailability of MR...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Alternating Magnetic Field-Responsive Hybrid Gelatin Microgels for Controlled Drug Release

Alternating Magnetic Field-Responsive Hybrid Gelatin Microgels for Controlled Drug Release

Published on: February 13, 2016

Light-responsive coumarin-functionalised nanogels for metformin delivery.

Hend A M Abdelmohsen¹, David L Rochester², Algy Kazlauciunas³

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4YB, UK; Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4YW, UK; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization Street, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

|August 26, 2025

Summary

A novel light-responsive nanogel system delivers metformin to treat corneal neovascularization. This minimally invasive approach offers a promising alternative to repeated injections for severe ocular diseases.

Keywords:

Light-responsive Light-triggered Ocular drug delivery Photochemistry Stimuli-responsive

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Synthesis of Stimuli-responsive Nanogels using Aqueous One-step Crosslinking and Co-nanopolymerization

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Alternating Magnetic Field-Responsive Hybrid Gelatin Microgels for Controlled Drug Release

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Published on: February 13, 2016

Uptake of New Lipid-coated Nanoparticles Containing Falcarindiol by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Uptake of New Lipid-coated Nanoparticles Containing Falcarindiol by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: February 9, 2019

Synthesis of Stimuli-responsive Nanogels using Aqueous One-step Crosslinking and Co-nanopolymerization

Synthesis of Stimuli-responsive Nanogels using Aqueous One-step Crosslinking and Co-nanopolymerization

Published on: January 24, 2025

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Corneal neovascularization is a severe ocular disease with limited treatment options.
Current therapies involve repeated antiangiogenic drug injections, leading to significant side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a light-responsive nanogel-based drug delivery system for treating corneal neovascularization.
To utilize photocleavable coumarin-metformin conjugates for controlled drug release.

Main Methods:

Designed and produced 18 nanogel formulations, optimizing for size (197-226 nm) and electrical stability.
Characterized two optimal formulations (CM9 and CM15) for drug loading (≈71-78 µg/mg) and release efficiency.
Evaluated metformin release and antiangiogenic effects in vitro using a HUVEC model.

Main Results:

Two stable nanogel formulations (CM9 and CM15) were successfully produced with high yields.
Achieved efficient drug loading and up to 92% metformin release on demand with light stimulation.
Demonstrated suppression of new blood vessel growth in vitro by light-triggered metformin release.

Conclusions:

Developed a minimally invasive, light-responsive nanogel system for targeted drug delivery.
This photocleavable drug release system shows potential for treating ocular diseases like corneal neovascularization.
Advances the development of novel therapeutic strategies for managing severe eye conditions.