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Dental Pulp Calcification Among Young Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study.

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Young cancer survivors have a higher risk of dental pulp calcification. This risk increases with early-onset therapy and combined chemo-radiation treatments, impacting dental health.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dentistry
  • Pediatric Health

Background:

  • Cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation can affect developing teeth, particularly enamel and dentin.
  • The impact of these treatments on dental pulp remains less understood.
  • Dental pulp calcification is a potential long-term consequence of cancer therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of dental pulp calcification in young cancer survivors.
  • To compare dental pulp calcification rates between cancer survivors and a control group.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional observational study involving 240 participants (cases and controls).
  • Evaluation of orthopantomograms for dental pulp calcification.
  • Inclusion criteria: malignancy diagnosed at ≤21 years, completed treatment, cancer-free for ≥2 years; controls without dental issues.

Main Results:

  • Dental pulp calcification was significantly more prevalent in young cancer survivors (24.1%) compared to controls (8.3%) (P<0.01).
  • Multivariate analysis showed increased odds (2.54) of calcification for therapy initiated at ≤5 years.
  • Higher odds (2.08) were observed for survivors receiving both chemotherapy and radiation versus chemotherapy alone.

Conclusions:

  • Young cancer survivors exhibit an elevated risk of dental pulp calcification.
  • Early initiation of anticancer therapy (≤5 years) and combined chemo-radiation are significant risk factors.
  • These findings highlight the need for monitoring dental pulp health in pediatric cancer survivors.