Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Management Among Primigravida Women: A Qualitative Study

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing public health concern, particularly in India, which has a high prevalence of diabetes. While much research focuses on clinical outcomes, there is limited understanding of the lived experiences of primigravida women diagnosed with GDM.

This qualitative study aimed to explore the emotional responses, self-management practices, support systems, and healthcare interactions of first-time pregnant women diagnosed with GDM.

Using a phenomenological approach, 18 primigravida women with GDM attending a tertiary care hospital in Bhubaneswar, India, were recruited as a sample through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Odia, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed with NVivo software.

Six major themes emerged during the course of the study. The emotional responses included shock, anxiety, fear for the baby's health, and self-blame. Lifestyle modifications were reported as challenging, especially dietary restrictions conflicting with cultural food habits, glucose monitoring discomfort, and difficulty maintaining physical activity. Family and peer support were vital for coping, while a lack of community awareness led to stigma and isolation. Healthcare interactions varied, with clear communication and empathy fostering trust, but inconsistent advice causing confusion. Knowledge empowerment and maternal motivation enhanced self-efficacy and adaptive routines. Concerns about future diabetes risk and GDM recurrence were common, with inadequate postpartum counseling noted.

Primigravida women with GDM face complex emotional, cultural, and practical challenges. Culturally tailored dietary guidance, empathetic healthcare communication, strengthened social support, and extended postpartum care are essential to improve self-management and health outcomes. Addressing these aspects holistically can enhance care quality and reduce diabetes burden in diverse settings.