Assessment of Determinants and Causes of Preterm Births Among Postnatal Mothers: A Retrospective Study

Introduction Preterm birth, defined as delivery before 37 weeks of pregnancy, is a serious health issue that contributes to infant illness, death, and long-term health problems. This study focused on the causes of preterm birth among mothers and the outcomes for their babies in a hospital in Bhubaneswar, India. Methods The researchers studied the medical records of 155 women who underwent preterm delivery. They collected data about the mothers' age, health, pregnancy history, delivery type, baby outcomes, and mental health using a structured form. The data were analysed to find important patterns and associations. Results Most of the mothers were between 26 and 30 years old and came from rural areas with low income. Over half were first-time mothers, and many were overweight. The most common health problems during pregnancy were high blood pressure (43.9%), gestational diabetes (28.4%), and thyroid issues (31%). The majority of the babies were delivered by caesarean section (76.1%). Many newborns had low birth weight (49%) and required admission to the NICU (66.5%). The study found that low birth weight and longer NICU stays were significantly linked to preterm birth. Mental health issues like depression and anxiety affected nearly 59% of mothers after birth, though most (almost 90%) had family or social support. Conclusion The study found that preterm births are strongly linked to certain maternal health conditions, as high-risk cases can cause poor outcomes for newborns. Mothers who are overweight, have high blood pressure, diabetes, or thyroid issues are more likely to deliver their babies early. Babies born preterm are more likely to be underweight and need intensive care. Many mothers also face psychological upset and distress after their premature newborns. The study highlights the need for better antenatal and postnatal care and evidence-based practices, especially for women in rural and low-income areas. By improving access to healthcare and focusing on early identification and proper quality care during pregnancy, outcomes for both mothers and babies can be improved in India.