The Psychological Impact of Male Infertility: A Narrative Review

Male infertility is a major health concern worldwide. While biological causes are well understood, the psychological aspects receive less focus. This gap is evident in clinical practice and research, where emotional, social, and mental health issues linked to male infertility are often neglected or inadequately managed. This review aims to highlight the psychological effects of male infertility, emphasizing mental health, emotional well-being, and the sociocultural factors influencing men's experiences. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science, encompassing English-language studies published between 2010 and 2025. Of the 118 articles identified, 36 met the inclusion criteria based on methodological rigor and relevance. These studies included observational research, clinical trials, qualitative analyses, and systematic reviews that examined psychological outcomes among men diagnosed with infertility. The findings consistently indicate that male infertility is associated with significant psychological distress, including depression, anxiety, diminished self-esteem, and disruptions to masculine identity. Sociocultural expectations that equate fertility with manhood often exacerbate these emotional burdens, especially in patriarchal contexts where infertility is stigmatized or incorrectly attributed to external or spiritual causes. Many men report feelings of emotional suppression, isolation, and reluctance to seek support, which are further complicated by sexual dysfunction and relationship strain. Despite these challenges, psychological support for men remains limited within infertility services, which primarily focus on female partners. This review emphasizes the need for a more inclusive, gender-sensitive, and psychologically informed approach to the care of male infertility. Recognizing male infertility as a complex psychological experience is essential for improving outcomes and promoting holistic reproductive health.