Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Development of an Env based HIV mRNA vaccine through immunoinformatics and computational modeling.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Lung Microbiome Diversity, Infection Dynamics, and Microbe-Mediated Cross-Protection.

MicrobiologyOpen·2026

Same author

Nanotechnology revolutionizing antimicrobial therapy for superbug infections.

Discover nano·2026

Same author

mRNA vaccine design targeting Merkel cell polyomavirus for immunotherapy of Merkel cell carcinoma.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Nanoparticle-Based Strategies to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Perspectives.

MicrobiologyOpen·2026

Same author

Therapeutic modulation of HIV-1 using miRNAs and lncRNAs: from bench to bedside.

Virology journal·2026

Same journal

Beyond the "Undruggable": What Pancreatic Cancer Teaches Us About the Next Evolution of Clinical Pharmacology.

Clinical pharmacology in drug development·2026

Same journal

Comparison of ABBV-552 Safety and Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Asian and Western Adults.

Clinical pharmacology in drug development·2026

Same journal

Bioequivalence of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Relugolix, Estradiol, and Norethindrone Acetate: An Open-Label, Randomized, Fully Replicate Crossover Study in Healthy Postmenopausal Women Under Fasting Conditions.

Clinical pharmacology in drug development·2026

Same journal

A Phase 1 Study to Assess the Relative Bioavailability of Brigatinib Administered as an Oral Solution Versus an Immediate-Release Tablet in Healthy Adults.

Clinical pharmacology in drug development·2026

Same journal

Population Pharmacokinetic-Based Meropenem Dosing in Critically and Non-Critically Ill Patients with Mixed Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections.

Clinical pharmacology in drug development·2026

Same journal

Effect of High-Fat Meal on the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Lansoprazole Enteric-Coated Capsules in Healthy Chinese Subjects.

Clinical pharmacology in drug development·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

Computer-Aided Algorithmic Approaches to Drug Development for Multi-Mutant HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase.

Akmal Zubair¹, Muhammad Ali¹, Mahmoud M Hessien²

¹Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development

|August 27, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new virtual screening method to find drugs that fight drug-resistant HIV-1. Six marine natural products showed potential as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) against mutant HIV strains.

Keywords:

CMNPD database HIV NNRTI drug design treatment

More Related Videos

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Drug Discovery
Computational Chemistry

Background:

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are crucial for HIV treatment.
Drug-resistant HIV-1 strains present a significant challenge to current therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an innovative virtual screening method for identifying potential NNRTIs against drug-resistant HIV-1 strains.
To identify novel compounds from natural sources that can inhibit multi-mutant HIV reverse transcriptase.

Main Methods:

Structure-based virtual screening targeting wild-type and multi-mutant HIV reverse transcriptase.
Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations for selected compounds.
Binding free energy calculations using Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA).

Main Results:

Six compounds from the Comprehensive Marine Natural Products Database (CMNPD) were identified as potential NNRTI candidates.
The compound CMNPD370 exhibited strong and persistent binding to the multi-mutant HIV reverse transcriptase.
CMNPD370 showed a significantly higher binding affinity to the mutant RT compared to the wild-type enzyme.

Conclusions:

The proposed virtual screening method is effective for identifying inhibitors against drug-resistant HIV-1.
CMNPD370 is a promising lead compound for developing novel NNRTIs.
Findings offer new avenues for discovering natural product-based HIV therapies.