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Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
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Problem difficulty and expertise modulate planning performance in a virtually embodied task.

Riccardo Moretti1,2, Jeremy Gordon3, Antonella Maselli4

  • 1Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.

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|August 27, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Expert climbers demonstrate superior cognitive and motor planning skills in bouldering, planning routes more effectively than novices, especially on difficult problems. Expertise enhances planning depth and strategy in physically demanding tasks.

Keywords:
affordancesboulderingclimbingexpertiseplanning

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Motor Control
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Expertise in demanding tasks like bouldering is linked to planning abilities.
  • The interplay between cognitive and motor planning in bouldering is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how expertise affects route planning in bouldering.
  • To examine the influence of problem difficulty on planning accuracy and strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Expert and novice climbers virtually solved easy and hard bouldering problems.
  • A custom app was used to plan and select sequences of hand movements.

Main Results:

  • Climbers were slower and less accurate on harder problems, linking motoric difficulty to planning accuracy.
  • Experts showed fewer severe planning errors and faster problem-solving than novices.
  • Novices made more short-sighted errors on easy problems.

Conclusions:

  • Expertise significantly modulates the relationship between cognitive and motor planning.
  • Planning depth and strategy are crucial in physically constrained environments.
  • Further research into embodied simulation could illuminate expert performance mechanisms.