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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
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Phase-Biased Andreev Diffraction Grating.

Magnus R Lykkegaard1, Anders Enevold Dahl1, Tyler Lindemann2,3

  • 1University of Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Institute, Center for Quantum Devices, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.

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|August 27, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created a superconductor-semiconductor circuit mimicking optical diffraction using multiple Andreev scatterers. This novel approach allows for tunable phase differences, opening new avenues in quantum device research.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Optics
  • Superconducting Circuits

Background:

  • Optical diffraction patterns arise from phase differences between wave sources, a phenomenon typically observed with gratings or multislit masks.
  • Superconductor-semiconductor hybrid circuits offer a platform for exploring quantum phenomena like Andreev scattering.
  • Controlling phase differences is crucial for manipulating wave interference and diffraction patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally realize an analog of optical diffraction in a superconductor-semiconductor hybrid circuit.
  • To investigate the phenomenon of multiple Andreev scattering from arrays of parallel scatterers.
  • To explore methods for controlling phase differences between scatterers in such a circuit.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of superconductor-semiconductor hybrid circuits with multiple parallel Andreev scatterers.
  • Utilizing a remote superconducting meander to set phase differences between scatterers.
  • Experimental investigation of local and nonlocal diffraction patterns generated by these arrays.
  • Comparison of experimental results with theoretical models of multiple Andreev scattering.

Main Results:

  • Successful realization of diffraction patterns analogous to optical diffraction in the superconductor-semiconductor system.
  • Observation of distinct diffraction patterns for arrays with varying numbers of Andreev scatterers (2, 3, 4, and 10).
  • Experimental findings show good agreement with the developed theory of multiple Andreev scattering.
  • Demonstration of individual phase control over scatterers by incorporating current-carrying taps.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple Andreev scattering in superconductor-semiconductor circuits can replicate optical diffraction phenomena.
  • The phase differences, controlled by a superconducting meander, dictate the resulting diffraction patterns.
  • The ability to individually control scatterer phases offers potential for advanced quantum device design and manipulation.