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Surface Mapping of Earth-like Exoplanets using Single Point Light Curves

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Complete Gravitational-Wave Spectrum of the Sun.

Camilo García-Cely¹, Andreas Ringwald²

¹Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Universitat de València-CSIC, Parc Científic UV, Carrer del Catedrático José Beltrán 2, E-46980 Paterna, Spain.

Physical Review Letters

|August 27, 2025

Summary

High-temperature solar plasma generates stochastic gravitational waves (GWs). This study reexamines these waves, including hydrodynamic fluctuations, finding their spectrum is below current detector sensitivities.

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Area of Science:

Plasma physics
Astrophysics
Gravitational wave astronomy

Background:

The Sun's interior plasma is a significant source of high-frequency gravitational waves (GWs).
Previous studies explored axion emission from the Sun, considering plasma effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To reexamine stochastic gravitational wave generation in the solar interior.
To investigate the contribution of macroscopic hydrodynamic fluctuations to GW emission.
To compare the resulting GW spectrum with early-universe signals and current detector limits.

Main Methods:

Analysis of physical processes within the solar interior plasma.
Incorporation of macroscopic hydrodynamic fluctuations into GW generation models.
Comparison of theoretical GW spectrum with experimental sensitivities.

Main Results:

The high-temperature solar plasma generates stochastic gravitational waves.
Macroscopic hydrodynamic fluctuations contribute to the GW spectrum.
The predicted GW spectrum is orders of magnitude below the sensitivity of current axion helioscopes like (Baby)IAXO.

Conclusions:

The Sun's interior is a source of high-frequency stochastic gravitational waves.
Current axion helioscope sensitivities are insufficient to detect these solar GWs.
Further advancements in detector technology are needed to probe this astrophysical GW source.