Preparation and safety assessment of BADGE- histidine adduct from epoxy-coated cans

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) from the epoxy-coated canned food can react with proteins/amino acids during high temperature sterilization process. The product formed with histidine (His), BADGE·H₂O·His, was considered to have potential toxicity. In this study, we successfully prepared and identified this adduct. In vitro static gastrointestinal digestion experiment revealed the adduct had good stability. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the adduct to gastric epithelial cells (GES-1) and two breast cancer cell lines (SUM-159 and MCF-7) was lower than that of BADGE. After incubating these cells with 200 μmolLexp.-1 BADGE for 24 h, cells viability decreased to 4.0 %, 5.2 %, and 12.7 %, respectively, while the adduct maintained cell viability at 89.1 %, 99.1 %, and 98.3 %, respectively. Furthermore, the cytotoxic mechanism of the adduct may be independent of oxidative stress, unlike BADGE, which showed an increase in oxidative stress damage and apoptosis with increasing concentration.