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Related Concept Videos

Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Exon Recombination02:32

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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Multiplexed Isothermal Amplification Based Diagnostic Platform to Detect Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue 1
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Tracing Dengue's Evolutionary and Phylogenetic Pathways.

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Dengue virus (DENV) evolution is shaped by genetic changes, human movement, and climate. Understanding these factors is key to controlling DENV spread and outbreaks.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Dengue virus (DENV) is a significant global health threat, causing widespread illness and death.
  • Understanding DENV's evolution is crucial for predicting its spread and managing outbreaks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of DENV's genetic diversification and phylogenetic pathways.
  • To explore the factors influencing DENV's geographic expansion and transmission dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing molecular phylogenetics to analyze DENV strain relationships.
  • Applying phylodynamic approaches to infer viral dispersal patterns.
  • Integrating genomic, epidemiological, and ecological data.

Main Results:

  • DENV exhibits complex genetic diversification and distinct phylogenetic lineages.
  • Human mobility, trade, and climate significantly influence DENV's historical spread and cross-border transmission.
  • Vector adaptation and urbanization are key ecological drivers of DENV evolution.

Conclusions:

  • A multidisciplinary approach integrating genomics, epidemiology, and ecology is vital for effective DENV surveillance and control.
  • Enhanced understanding of DENV evolution refines predictive models and public health interventions.
  • Continued research is essential for mitigating the global impact of DENV outbreaks.