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You Can Stand Under My Umbrella: Cognitive Load in Second-Language Reading.

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Summary

Cognitive disfluency in second-language (L2) processing differs from perceptual disfluency. Virtual Reality revealed that visual masking impacted native language advantage, while environmental conditions caused general processing slowdowns.

Keywords:
bilingualismcognitive disfluencydisfluencysecond-language processingvirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Second-language (L2) processing often exhibits cognitive disfluency, similar to disruptions from perceptual challenges like visual degradation.
  • The relationship between cognitive disfluency in L2 and perceptual disfluency remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if cognitive disfluency in L2 mirrors perceptual disfluency using Virtual Reality.
  • To examine the effects of simulated adverse weather and visual masking on bilingual language processing.

Main Methods:

  • Employed Virtual Reality to simulate sunny vs. rainy weather conditions and apply visual masking.
  • Spanish-English bilinguals performed a language decision task, identifying Spanish (L1) and English (L2) words.
  • Measured reaction times under different perceptual conditions.

Main Results:

  • Visual masking significantly increased reaction times, particularly for L1 words, reducing the native language advantage.
  • Rainy weather conditions slowed responses across both languages, indicating general environmental disfluency.
  • A significant interaction between language and masking demonstrated distinct cognitive effects for different disfluency types.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive disfluency in L2 processing is not equivalent to perceptual disfluency; they have differential impacts.
  • Virtual Reality effectively manipulated environmental variables to study bilingual processing.
  • Perceptual and linguistic challenges interact uniquely to influence bilingual language processing.