IHRAS: Automated Medical Report Generation from Chest X-Rays via Classification, Segmentation, and LLMs

The growing demand for accurate and efficient Chest X-Ray (CXR) interpretation has prompted the development of AI-driven systems to alleviate radiologist workload and reduce diagnostic variability. This paper introduces the Intelligent Humanized Radiology Analysis System (IHRAS), a modular framework that automates the end-to-end process of CXR analysis and report generation. IHRAS integrates four core components: (i) deep convolutional neural networks for multi-label classification of 14 thoracic conditions; (ii) Grad-CAM for spatial visualization of pathologies; (iii) SAR-Net for anatomical segmentation; and (iv) a large language model (DeepSeek-R1) guided by the CRISPE prompt engineering framework to generate structured diagnostic reports using SNOMED CT terminology. Evaluated on the NIH ChestX-ray dataset, IHRAS demonstrates consistent diagnostic performance across diverse demographic and clinical subgroups, and produces high-fidelity, clinically relevant radiological reports with strong faithfulness, relevancy, and alignment scores. The system offers a transparent and scalable solution to support radiological workflows while highlighting the importance of interpretability and standardization in clinical Artificial Intelligence applications.