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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
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Defining Goal-Directed Training for Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Scoping Review and Framework for Implementation.

Angela Shierk1,2, Bridget Barry Thias1, Haley Becker1,3

  • 1Department of Clinical Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Goal-directed training (GDT) improves motor function, self-care, and participation in children with cerebral palsy (CP). This review provides an evidence-based framework for effective GDT implementation.

Keywords:
cerebral palsygoal-directed trainingoutcome measurestherapeutic intervention

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Area of Science:

  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Cerebral palsy (CP) presents significant challenges in motor function and participation.
  • Goal-directed training (GDT) is a therapeutic approach with potential benefits for children with CP.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define Goal-Directed Training (GDT) and its impact on children with cerebral palsy (CP).
  • To develop a structured framework for effective GDT implementation.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping review utilizing Arksey and O'Malley framework and PICO criteria.
  • Systematic search of nine databases and reference lists; data extraction by two independent reviewers.
  • Qualitative descriptive analysis of 156 included studies involving 4708 children.

Main Results:

  • GDT interventions were applied across all Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) levels.
  • Significant improvements observed in motor function, hand use, self-care, communication, and participation.
  • An eight-step GDT framework was synthesized, emphasizing collaborative goal setting, structured practice, and feedback.

Conclusions:

  • GDT demonstrates broad functional benefits for children with CP, promoting individualized, client-centered care.
  • The developed framework provides a practical, evidence-informed guide for consistent GDT delivery.
  • This framework supports clinicians and researchers in implementing GDT with fidelity across diverse settings.