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Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells
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Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

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scaRNA1 Expression Levels Affect Alternative Splicing of mRNA.

Madeleine Brown1, Brittnei Earl1, Michael Filla1

  • 1College of Biosciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA.

Genes
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small Cajal body-specific RNAs (scaRNAs) regulate mRNA splicing. Knocking down scaRNA1 in quail cells altered alternative splicing of key genes, impacting cell development.

Keywords:
alternative splicingepigeneticsspliceosometranscriptome

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Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Reduced expression of 12 small Cajal body-specific RNAs (scaRNAs) was previously observed in the right ventricle of infants with tetralogy of Fallot.
  • Significant alterations in messenger RNA (mRNA) processing were also noted in the affected heart tissue.
  • scaRNAs are critical for the biochemical maturation of spliceosomal RNAs, influencing pseudouridylation and 2'-O-methylation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional role of scaRNAs in mRNA processing.
  • To examine the impact of scaRNA1 knockdown on alternative splicing in a quail myoblast cell model.

Main Methods:

  • Knockdown of scaRNA1 in quail myoblast cells (Coturnix japonica).
  • Transcriptome analysis to identify alternatively spliced genes.

Main Results:

  • Knockdown of scaRNA1 led to alternative splicing of the genes Tjp1, Map3k7, and Sppl2a.
  • These findings suggest a role for scaRNA1 in regulating alternative splicing events.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides evidence that scaRNAs, specifically scaRNA1, play a role in regulating spliceosome function and mRNA splicing.
  • Alternative splicing is increasingly recognized for its importance in cell differentiation and tissue development, and scaRNAs contribute to this process.