Energetic Variational Modeling of Active Nematics: Coupling the Toner-Tu Model with ATP Hydrolysis

Area of Science:

• Thermodynamics
• Non-equilibrium physics
• Active matter physics

Background:

• Active nematics are complex fluids with self-propulsion and orientational order.
• Existing models often lack a unified framework for chemo-mechanical coupling.
• Understanding energy transduction is crucial for biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a thermodynamically consistent energetic variational model for active nematics.
• To incorporate chemo-mechanical coupling driven by ATP hydrolysis.
• To investigate energy transduction mechanisms in active systems.

Main Methods:

• Developed an energetic variational approach integrating chemical and mechanical energy.
• Extended the Toner-Tu framework with a chemo-mechanical coupling mechanism.
• Incorporated mechanical feedback into reaction rate equations.

Main Results:

• Demonstrated a unified energy dissipation law for active nematics.
• Showcased positive energy transduction through numerical simulations.
• Revealed how chemical fluxes and mechanical interactions influence each other.

Conclusions:

• The new model provides a consistent framework for active nematics.
• It offers insights into energy transduction and regulation in biological systems.
• The model facilitates transparent study of energy transduction in active matter.