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Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 (IFITM3) Restricts PRRSV Replication via Post-Entry Mechanisms
Pratik Katwal1, Shamiq Aftab1, Eric Nelson2
1Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
Microorganisms
|August 28, 2025
Summary
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) restricts porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication in cells. IFITM3 appears to inhibit PRRSV post-entry, offering insights into viral restriction mechanisms.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is an interferon-stimulated gene known to restrict enveloped viruses.
- Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes significant economic damage to the swine industry.
- The mechanism by which IFITM3 restricts PRRSV remains largely unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of IFITM3 in restricting PRRSV infection in vitro.
- To elucidate the stage at which IFITM3 exerts its antiviral effect against PRRSV.
Main Methods:
- Utilized MARC-145 cells for in vitro studies.
- Employed IFITM3 overexpression and siRNA-mediated knockdown.
- Performed colocalization studies using confocal microscopy and quantified viral RNA and titers.
Main Results:
- Overexpression of IFITM3 significantly reduced PRRSV replication.
- Knockdown of IFITM3 using siRNA increased PRRSV RNA copies and virus titers.
- Colocalization of PRRSV and IFITM3 was observed, with reduced viral presence in IFITM3-expressing cells over time (73% at 3 hpi vs. 27% at 24 hpi).
Conclusions:
- IFITM3 demonstrates a significant inhibitory effect on PRRSV replication.
- Findings suggest IFITM3 restricts PRRSV at post-entry stages.
- Further research is warranted to fully understand the molecular mechanisms of IFITM3-mediated PRRSV restriction.
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