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Heat Shock Protein 70 in Cold-Stressed Farm Animals: Implications for Viral Disease Seasonality
Fanzhi Kong1, Xinyue Zhang1, Qi Xiao1
1College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China.
None:
The seasonal patterns of viral diseases in farm animals present significant challenges to global livestock productivity, with cold stress emerging as a potential modulator of host-pathogen interactions. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the expression dynamics of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in farm animals under cold-stress conditions and its potential roles as (1) a viral replication facilitator and (2) an immune response regulator. This review highlights cold-induced HSP70 overexpression in essential organs, as well as its effects on significant virus life cycles, such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), through processes like viral protein chaperoning, replication complex stabilization, and host defense modulation. By integrating insights from thermophysiology, virology, and immunology, we suggest that HSP70 serves as a crucial link between environmental stress and viral disease seasonality. We also discuss translational opportunities targeting HSP70 pathways to break the cycle of seasonal outbreaks, while addressing key knowledge gaps requiring further investigation. This article provides a framework for understanding climate-driven disease patterns and developing seasonally adjusted intervention strategies.
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