The Role of Nutrition and Physical Activity in Modulating Disease Progression and Quality of Life in Multiple...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated neurological disorder with increasing global prevalence. Emerging evidence underscores the role of lifestyle interventions (particularly diet and physical activity) in modulating disease progression and improving quality of life. This narrative review synthesizes current scientific literature on the effects of dietary interventions, including the Mediterranean, ketogenic, Swank, Wahls, gluten-free, and fasting-based diets, alongside various physical activity regimens. The Mediterranean and ketogenic diets show promise in reducing inflammation, enhancing neuroprotection, and improving metabolic health. Similarly, structured physical activity (including aerobic, resistance, sensorimotor, and mind-body exercises) demonstrates benefits in mobility, fatigue, and mental well-being. The review highlights the need for personalized, sustainable approaches that integrate nutritional and exercise-based strategies for optimal MS management in the long term.