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Leakage Detection Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Gas Pipelines.

Mouna-Keltoum Benabid1, Peyton Baumgartner1, Ge Jin2

  • 1Petroleum Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) effectively detects gas pipeline leaks, especially using internal fiber optic cables. This novel approach enhances leak detection for challenging pipelines.

Keywords:
buried pipelinesdistributed acoustic sensingdistributed fiber optic sensingflow-induced vibrationsgas pipeline monitoringinternal fiber deploymentleakage detectionspectral analysistime-domain signal processingvibration analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Pipeline integrity and safety
  • Fiber optic sensing technologies
  • Acoustic monitoring systems

Background:

  • Gas pipeline leaks pose significant safety and environmental risks.
  • Traditional leak detection methods have limitations, especially for unpiggable pipelines.
  • Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) offers a potential non-invasive monitoring solution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of DAS for gas pipeline leak detection.
  • To compare different fiber optic cable types and deployment methods (internal vs. external).
  • To assess the impact of leak characteristics and pipeline installation on detection accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental setup with a 21m steel pipeline simulating leaks of various sizes, orientations, and flow velocities.
  • Testing four fiber optic cable deployments: three internal and one external.
  • Analyzing DAS data using time-domain vibration intensity and frequency-domain spectral methods.
  • Comparing detection performance under supported and buried pipeline conditions.

Main Results:

  • Leak detectability is influenced by flow rate, leak size/orientation, installation, and fiber optic setup.
  • Internally deployed black and flat cables showed higher sensitivity, particularly for bottom leaks and high flow velocities.
  • Buried pipeline configurations reduced leak detection due to damping effects.
  • External cable performance varied based on mechanical coupling.

Conclusions:

  • Internal fiber optic cable deployment for DAS leak detection is a novel and practical approach.
  • This method is suitable for pipelines where conventional inspection is not feasible.
  • DAS performance is highly dependent on the interplay between fiber optic sensing and pipeline environment.