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Ultrasonography01:17

Ultrasonography

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Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
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Convolution: Math, Graphics, and Discrete Signals01:24

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In any LTI (Linear Time-Invariant) system, the convolution of two signals is denoted using a convolution operator, assuming all initial conditions are zero. The convolution integral can be divided into two parts: the zero-input or natural response and the zero-state or forced response, with t0 indicating the initial time.
To simplify the convolution integral, it is assumed that both the input signal and impulse response are zero for negative time values. The graphical convolution process...
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Transfer function and Bode Plots-II01:23

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In the standard form, the transfer function is shown in constant gain, poles/zeros at origin, simple poles/zeros, and quadratic poles/zeros; each contributing uniquely to the system's overall response. The term represents the magnitude of the simple zero:
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Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

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IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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Convolution Properties II01:17

Convolution Properties II

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The important convolution properties include width, area, differentiation, and integration properties.
The width property indicates that if the durations of input signals are T1 and T2, then the width of the output response equals the sum of both durations, irrespective of the shapes of the two functions. For instance, convolving two rectangular pulses with durations of 2 seconds and 1 second results in a function with a width of 3 seconds.
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Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan01:25

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Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and FibroScan are valuable diagnostic tools in gastroenterology and hepatology, each with specific applications and techniques.
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS):
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Wideband Optical Detector of Ultrasound for Medical Imaging Applications
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Convolution of Barker and Mutually Orthogonal Golay Complementary Codes for Ultrasonic Testing.

Chengxiang Peng1, Paul Annus2, Marek Rist2

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Ultrasonic testing (UT) faces challenges with signal attenuation. A new Barker-convolved mutually orthogonal Golay complementary code (BMOGCC) enhances signal energy and efficiency in nondestructive testing (NDT).

Keywords:
coded signalsnondestructive testingtime efficiencyultrasonic testing

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Acoustics
  • Nondestructive Testing

Background:

  • Ultrasonic testing (UT) is crucial for material integrity assessment but struggles with signal attenuation in certain materials.
  • Conventional excitation signals in UT often have low energy and poor interpretability due to attenuation.
  • Existing coded excitation methods like Barker codes and complementary Golay codes (CGC) have limitations in sequence length or time efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel coded excitation technique, the Barker-convolved mutually orthogonal Golay complementary code (BMOGCC).
  • To address the limitations of existing methods by combining the benefits of Barker codes and mutually orthogonal Golay complementary codes (MOGCC).
  • To evaluate the performance of BMOGCC for ultrasonic testing applications.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the Barker-convolved mutually orthogonal Golay complementary code (BMOGCC) by convolving Barker codes with MOGCC.
  • Conducted numerical simulations and laboratory experiments to assess BMOGCC performance.
  • Evaluated key performance indices: peak sidelobe level (PSL), mainlobe gain (MG), and temporal resolution.

Main Results:

  • BMOGCC demonstrated significantly higher mainlobe gain (MG) compared to standalone Barker codes or MOGCC.
  • The proposed method maintained a low peak sidelobe level (PSL).
  • BMOGCC preserved the temporal resolution of the ultrasonic testing signals.

Conclusions:

  • BMOGCC effectively enhances signal energy and signal-to-noise ratio in ultrasonic testing.
  • The novel code offers improved time efficiency compared to conventional methods like CGC.
  • BMOGCC presents a promising solution for improving signal quality and measurement efficiency in nondestructive testing.