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Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

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Published on: November 7, 2016

The Design and Validation of an Intensity-Modulated Multipoint Fiber-Optic Liquid-Level Sensor.

Abdul Ghaffar¹, Sanku Niu¹, Mujahid Mehdi^2,3

¹Key Laboratory of Air-Driven Equipment Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|August 28, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a cost-effective, multipoint liquid-level sensor using fiber optic intensity modulation. The novel design offers a flexible, durable, and accurate solution for precise liquid-level detection.

Keywords:

coupling method intensity variation method liquid-level measurement multipoint sensor

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

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Area of Science:

Photonics and Optical Sensing
Instrumentation and Measurement

Background:

Accurate liquid-level monitoring is crucial in various industrial and scientific applications.
Existing methods may lack cost-effectiveness, flexibility, or multipoint capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a cost-effective, multipoint liquid-level sensor array.
To utilize an intensity modulation technique with a novel fiber optic sensor structure.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of three sensors on a single polymer optical fiber using a twisting technique for side-coupling.
Attenuation of coupled power due to liquid emergence in the coupled region.
Experimental testing of theoretical models for sensor response and linearity.

Main Results:

Sensors demonstrated good response and linearity for liquid-level measurement up to 12 cm.
Achieved sensitivities of approximately 0.2726, 0.1715, and 0.1281 μW/cm.
Validated dynamic response across flow rates of 50-300 mL/min, showing high sensitivity and resolution.

Conclusions:

The developed sensor system offers a flexible, durable, and cost-effective solution for precise liquid-level sensing.
The system enables individual and simultaneous measurement of liquid-level variations without complex decoupling techniques.
Represents a significant advancement in active, responsive liquid-level sensing technology.