Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Increased pulse rate01:17

Increased pulse rate

748
Tachycardia is a condition marked by an abnormally fast or irregular heart rate, surpassing the typical resting rate. In adults, tachycardia is characterized by a pulse rate ranging from 100 to 180 beats per minute. The increased heart rate can result in inadequate blood flow to various body parts, ultimately diminishing the oxygen supply to organs and tissues.
Many factors can elevate the risk of developing tachycardia. These include advanced age, a family history of arrhythmias, and an...
748
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

320
The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
320
Insomnia01:27

Insomnia

124
Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
Multiple factors contribute...
124
Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

Factors Influencing Heart Rate

4.1K
The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
Let us explore the significant factors affecting heart rate, including age, body temperature, posture, acute pain, chemical influences,...
4.1K
Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

619
Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
There are specific risk factors that can elevate the likelihood of developing bradycardia. Advanced age is a significant factor, with...
619
Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

925
Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
925

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Association Between Circadian Rhythm Disruption and Delirium in the Acute-Stage Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A 7-Day Actigraphic Study.

Journal of neurotrauma·2026
Same author

Comparative Effects of Various Modalities of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Worldviews on evidence-based nursing·2026
Same author

Classifying weekday-weekend sleep pattern subtypes via latent class analysis: Associations with daytime functioning.

Chronobiology international·2026
Same author

Baseline Depressive Symptoms and Heart Rate Variability Indices Predict HRV Biofeedback Outcomes in Young Adults with Depression.

Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback·2026
Same author

Psychosomatic medicine, consultation-liaison psychiatry, and integrated care in Taiwan: Snapshot 2026.

Journal of psychosomatic research·2026
Same author

Comparative effects of nonpharmacological interventions on sleep quality of institutionalized older adults without dementia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Sleep medicine reviews·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

The use of Biofeedback in Clinical Virtual Reality: The INTREPID Project
06:52

The use of Biofeedback in Clinical Virtual Reality: The INTREPID Project

Published on: November 12, 2009

15.3K

Can Addressing Autonomic Hyperarousal with Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Enhance CBT-I Outcomes in Insomnia

Yun-Kai Lin1, Ya-Chuan Huang1, Wuan-Chun Huang1

  • 1Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Behavioral Sleep Medicine
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Combining Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) with heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-BF) showed potential for improving autonomic balance in some insomnia patients. This combined approach may benefit those with more significant objective sleep disturbances.

More Related Videos

Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions
08:12

Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions

Published on: June 5, 2019

20.0K
Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety
10:51

Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety

Published on: January 20, 2012

21.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 9, 2025

The use of Biofeedback in Clinical Virtual Reality: The INTREPID Project
06:52

The use of Biofeedback in Clinical Virtual Reality: The INTREPID Project

Published on: November 12, 2009

15.3K
Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions
08:12

Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions

Published on: June 5, 2019

20.0K
Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety
10:51

Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety

Published on: January 20, 2012

21.4K

Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Psychophysiology
  • Behavioral Therapy

Background:

  • Insomnia is frequently linked to physiological hyperarousal and autonomic nervous system dysregulation.
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) is a first-line treatment, but not all patients achieve full remission.
  • Autonomic dysregulation may be a key factor in treatment-resistant insomnia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if combining CBT-I with heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-BF) can improve treatment outcomes for insomnia.
  • To assess the impact of HRV-BF on autonomic regulation in individuals with insomnia.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 44 adults with insomnia.
  • Participants were assigned to either CBT-I alone or a combined CBT-I and HRV-BF group.
  • Outcome measures included the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS), sleep diaries, and heart rate variability (HRV) metrics.

Main Results:

  • Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in insomnia severity and pre-sleep arousal.
  • The combined CBT-I and HRV-BF group showed a unique improvement in subjective total sleep time.
  • While overall autonomic balance showed only a trend-level improvement, participants with more severe objective sleep disturbance in the combined group exhibited greater improvements in autonomic balance.

Conclusions:

  • Adding HRV-BF to CBT-I did not significantly enhance overall treatment efficacy compared to CBT-I alone in this preliminary study.
  • HRV-BF may offer specific benefits for individuals with more pronounced objective sleep disturbances, particularly in improving autonomic regulation.
  • Further research is warranted to determine optimal HRV-BF protocols and its application in specific insomnia subpopulations.