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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Asthma in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Li Yin1, Feifei Zhang2, Xue Wang1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.

The Journal of Asthma : Official Journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma
|August 28, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Childhood asthma affects 11.9% of children. Key risk factors include prenatal exposure to certain chemicals and medications, and childhood Helicobacter pylori infection, while folic acid may be protective.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Respiratory Medicine
  • Environmental Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Childhood asthma (CA) is a significant public health concern with complex etiology.
  • Understanding prevalence and risk factors is crucial for effective prevention and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analysis evaluating the prevalence of childhood asthma.
  • To identify key risk factors associated with the development of childhood asthma.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive meta-analysis of studies published between 2015 and 2024.
  • Searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases.
  • Included 45 studies with 647,414 participants, assessed study quality using NOS, and analyzed data with Stata and R.

Main Results:

  • The pooled prevalence of childhood asthma was 11.9%.
  • Identified risk factors include prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (OR=0.89), acid-suppressive medications (OR=1.11), and childhood Helicobacter pylori infection (OR=2.07).
  • Maternal folic acid supplementation during pregnancy showed a protective association (OR=1.18).

Conclusions:

  • Childhood asthma prevalence is substantial, necessitating further research into identified risk factors.
  • Prenatal exposures and infections play a role, while folic acid may offer protection.
  • Further large-scale prospective studies are recommended to elucidate these associations.
Abstract

Keywords:
Asthmameta-analysisprevalencerisk factors

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