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The Complex Interplay between Botanical Supplements and the Human Gut Microbiome.

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Gut microbes transform botanical supplements, impacting their bioavailability and activity. This review explores these interactions for green tea, açai, red wine, and mangosteen, aiding future research on botanicals and the microbiome.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Natural Products Chemistry

Background:

  • Botanical supplements are widely used therapeutics with promising biological activities.
  • Poor oral bioavailability often limits the efficacy of botanical supplements.
  • Gut microbiota can significantly alter botanical supplement bioavailability through enzymatic transformations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the chemistry of microbial biotransformations of botanical supplements.
  • To outline the reciprocal interactions between the gut microbiome and four key botanical supplements: green tea, açai, red wine, and mangosteen.
  • To discuss the microbial metabolism and modulation of the human gut microbiota by these botanicals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of microbial metabolism of botanical supplements.
  • Analysis of enzymatic transformations and metabolites.
  • Examination of interactions between botanicals and gut microbiota.

Main Results:

  • Microbial enzymes readily transform xenobiotics, altering botanical supplement bioavailability and activity.
  • Specific examples of microbial metabolism and microbiota modulation by green tea, açai, red wine, and mangosteen are discussed.
  • The complexity of these bidirectional interactions is highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial biotransformation is a critical factor influencing botanical supplement efficacy.
  • Understanding these interactions is essential for optimizing the therapeutic use of botanicals.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the bidirectional effects of botanicals and the gut microbiota on human health.