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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Simultaneous Application of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation during Virtual Reality Exposure
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Augmented Reality 3MDR Therapy for the Treatment of PTSD and Comorbid Moral Injury: A Case Study
Annabel Lee Raboy1,2,3, Van Dehy Jacob4,5, Paula Bellini1,2,3
1Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA.
Abstract:
Rates of veteran suicide, post-traumatic stress, and moral injury remain alarmingly high and continue to rise. While virtual reality and augmented reality technologies have shown promise in improving post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity, research on these innovative methods is still limited. Multi- modal memory desensitization and reconsolidation (3MDR), a cutting-edge therapy that combines Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy or Augmented Reality Exposure Therapy with a "walk and talk" therapy, has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing participant engagement and substantially reducing symptoms of PTSD and moral injury among combat veterans. This case study highlights the novel use of 3MDR with an augmented reality head-mounted display for treating combat-related PTSD and moral injury, offering a new perspective on addressing these critical issues.
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