Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 9, 2025
11:31
Crystal Structure of the N-terminal Domain of Ryanodine Receptor from Plutella xylostella
Published on: November 30, 2018
7.5K
Interplay Between Ryanodine Receptor Arrangement and Function: Implications for (Patho)physiological Control of
Luis A Gonano1, Alycia M Kinns2, Anna Bergan-Dahl3
1Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) , Argentina (L.A.G.).
Circulation Research
|August 28, 2025
Summary
Cardiac ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) dysfunction causes arrhythmias due to imbalanced calcium release. This review explores RyR2 regulation, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies for rebalancing calcium handling.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Biology
- Molecular Cardiology
- Biophysics
Background:
- Cardiac contraction relies on calcium release via the type-2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2).
- RyR2 dysfunction is implicated in various cardiac pathologies, particularly arrhythmias.
- Both excessive and inadequate RyR2 activity can be detrimental to cardiac function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the dual role of RyR2 activity in cardiac arrhythmias.
- To explore the regulatory mechanisms of RyR2 function.
- To examine therapeutic strategies targeting RyR2 for arrhythmia treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on RyR2 function, regulation, and disease.
- Analysis of posttranslational modifications, protein interactions, and channel localization.
- Examination of pharmacological interventions for RyR2 modulation.
Main Results:
- Imbalances in calcium release through RyR2, whether excessive or insufficient, contribute to arrhythmias.
- RyR2 activity is precisely tuned by posttranslational modifications, protein interactions, and channel positioning.
- Dysregulation of these factors underlies RyR2-associated cardiac pathologies.
Conclusions:
- Restoring the homeostatic balance of RyR2 activity is crucial for preventing arrhythmias.
- Understanding RyR2 regulation provides insights into disease mechanisms.
- Pharmacological targeting of RyR2 offers potential therapeutic avenues for cardiac arrhythmias.
Related Concept Videos
01:18Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of Calcium Channel Blockers
763
Calcium ions are essential to contract smooth muscle cells in blood vessels. They enter these cells through voltage-dependent calcium channels, specifically L-type calcium channels in the cell membrane. These L-type calcium channels are integral to the excitation-contraction coupling process in smooth muscle. When a stimulus is received by smooth muscle cells, their membrane depolarizes. This alteration in membrane potential instigates the opening of L-type calcium channels. As a result,...
763
01:27Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration
3.5K
Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
3.5K
01:25Antianginal Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers and Ranolazine
673
Angina pectoris, a primary symptom of ischemic heart disease, requires careful pharmacological interventions. In this context, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and ranolazine have emerged as crucial pharmacotherapeutic agents, providing deep insights into the complexities of angina management.
CCBs, a diverse class that includes dihydropyridines (nifedipine) and diphenylalkylamines (verapamil and diltiazem), exert their effect by blocking calcium channels in cardiac and smooth muscle cells. This...
CCBs, a diverse class that includes dihydropyridines (nifedipine) and diphenylalkylamines (verapamil and diltiazem), exert their effect by blocking calcium channels in cardiac and smooth muscle cells. This...
673
01:30Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism
2.6K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
2.6K
01:29Relaxation of Skeletal Muscles
3.7K
The period of muscle contraction primarily influences the duration of stimulation at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the presence of free calcium ions in the sarcoplasm, and the availability of energy or ATP to support contractions.
When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it depolarizes the membrane and opens voltage-gated sodium channels. Sodium ions enter the cell, further depolarizing the presynaptic membrane. This depolarization causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open....
When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it depolarizes the membrane and opens voltage-gated sodium channels. Sodium ions enter the cell, further depolarizing the presynaptic membrane. This depolarization causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open....
3.7K
01:21G-Protein Gated Ion Channels
4.8K
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision. The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
Sensory...
4.8K