5F-AKB48: A synthetic cannabinoid presenting an emerging public health concern in France

5F-AKB48 is a potent synthetic cannabinoid with psychoactive effects. This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 5F-AKB48 exposures reported to French Poison Control Centers (PCCs).

We conducted a retrospective analysis of all acute 5F-AKB48 exposure cases reported to French PCCs from 2017 to 2024. Collected data included patient demographics, symptoms, and outcomes. Poisoning severity was assessed using the Poison Severity Score (PSS).

A total of 304 cases were identified, mostly in adolescent males (median age: 16.5 years; sex ratio: 4.4). Most exposures occurred in northern France. 5F-AKB48 was used alone in 91 % of cases. Of these, 59 % presented with mild symptoms, 35 % with moderate symptoms, and 4 % with severe symptoms (including seizures, coma, and agitation). More severe outcomes were observed in cases involving multiple substances. No fatalities were reported, though the outcome was unknown in 36 % of cases.

5F-AKB48 appears to be an emerging recreational drug among adolescents in France, probably due to its discreet use in liquid forms compatible with e-cigarette. While most cases were mild to moderate, the potential for serious toxicity, particularly with co-exposure, should not be overlooked. The associated risks call for stronger public health measures, including stricter e-cigarettes regulation and drug education initiatives in educational settings.