TERRESTRIAL LEECHES, iDNA SURVEYS, AND BEYOND.

Area of Science:

• Ecology
• Genetics
• Conservation Biology

Background:

• Terrestrial leeches (Haemadipsidae) in the Indo-Pacific are known for blood-feeding on vertebrates.
• These leeches are increasingly utilized in conservation science for biodiversity assessment.
• The invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) technique leverages leech bloodmeals for species identification.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide foundational knowledge on Haemadipsidae leech taxonomy and background.
• To outline best practices and precautions for using iDNA from leeches in research.
• To support researchers, particularly those new to the method, in utilizing leeches for biodiversity studies.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on Haemadipsidae leeches and iDNA techniques.
• Compilation of taxonomic information and ecological background on terrestrial leeches.
• Guidance on sample collection, DNA extraction, and data interpretation for iDNA analysis.

Main Results:

• Limited resources currently exist for researchers focusing on leech-based iDNA methods.
• Haemadipsidae leeches present unique taxonomic and ecological considerations for iDNA studies.
• Best practices and precautions for iDNA analysis using leeches are detailed.

Conclusions:

• This review aims to empower researchers in the Indo-Pacific to effectively use leeches for biodiversity monitoring.
• Understanding leech biology and taxonomy is crucial for successful iDNA application.
• Further research and standardized protocols can enhance the utility of leeches in conservation efforts.