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Superficial Angiomyxoma Revisited.

Yuki Shinohara1, Yoshiro Chijiiwa1, Jun Nishio2

  • 1Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.

In Vivo (Athens, Greece)
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Superficial angiomyxoma (SAM) is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor. This review details its clinicopathological, radiological, and genomic features, aiding diagnosis and management.

Keywords:
PRKAR1ASuperficial angiomyxomacutaneous myxomadeep (aggressive) angiomyxomamyxofibrosarcomareviewsuperficial acral fibromyxoma

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatopathology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Superficial angiomyxoma (SAM) is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor.
  • It typically presents as a slow-growing, painless lesion on the trunk, extremities, or head and neck.
  • The exact differentiation of SAM remains uncertain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of superficial angiomyxoma.
  • To detail its clinicopathological, radiological, and genomic characteristics.
  • To discuss the differential diagnosis of this tumor.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on superficial angiomyxoma.
  • Analysis of clinicopathological features, including histology and immunohistochemistry.
  • Evaluation of radiological findings from ultrasonography, CT, and MRI.

Main Results:

  • SAM presents as a well-defined, hypoechoic mass with potential hypervascularity on Doppler.
  • MRI shows low-intermediate T1 and high T2 signal intensity with heterogeneous enhancement.
  • Histology reveals spindle/stellate cells in myxoid stroma with vascularity; CD34 positive, variable SMA/S100; PRKAR1A loss in some cases.

Conclusions:

  • Complete surgical excision is the recommended treatment for SAM.
  • Understanding SAM's features is crucial for accurate diagnosis and differentiating it from other tumors.
  • Further research into its genomic aspects, including PRKAR1A expression, may offer insights.