Recent advances in photochemical multicomponent Minisci reactions

Visible-light-induced photoredox catalysis has emerged as a robust tool in organic chemistry for achieving controllable radical transformations, facilitating reactions involving radical intermediates under mild, selective, and sustainable conditions. This approach offers efficient pathways for multicomponent reactions. Concurrently, the Minisci reaction represents a streamlined strategy for direct C-H functionalization of heteroarenes using nucleophilic radicals. Consequently, the integration of photocatalysis with multicomponent Minisci reactions leverages diverse radical precursors and mild reaction conditions, thereby enabling the efficient construction of complex heteroarene-containing scaffolds. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in photochemical multicomponent Minisci reactions, with an emphasis on the synthetic applications and limitations, as well as the mechanisms of these reactions.