Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 9, 2025
A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents
Published on: July 10, 2017
A Cross-Sectional Study of Risk Factors for Internalized Stigma among People with HIV in Washington, DC: Evaluating
Lauren F O'Connor1, Jenna B Resnik1, Morgan Byrne1
1Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
None:
ObjectivesThere is a high prevalence of internalized stigma among people with HIV (PWH) and it is possible that factors associated with stigma differ by gender. Therefore, we evaluated whether gender is an effect modifier of the association between covariates and internalized stigma among 694 PWH.MethodsLinear regression with interaction terms between covariates and gender was used to evaluate significant associations and test for interactions.ResultsWe found a 10-year increase in age was associated with lower stigma among women (β (95% CI): -0.20 (-0.30, -0.10)) but not among men (β = 0). Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was associated with higher stigma (GAD & GAD-squared β (95% CI): 0.12 (0.08, 0.187), -0.004 (-0.006, -0.001)) and an increased time since HIV diagnosis was associated with lower stigma (β (95% CI): -0.20 (-0.30, -0.10)).ConclusionsGender-specific interventions should be developed to account for the differences in the association between age and stigma across genders.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Sexually Transmitted Infections
01:26Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...