Short- and Long-Term Impact of Metabolic Surgery on Obesity Outcomes in Iranian Non-Diabetic Obese Patients

Metabolic surgery (MS) has been demonstrated to achieve sustained weight loss with significant improvement of metabolic parameters, including reduced cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of MS on obesity outcomes and cardiovascular risk factors in Iranian non-diabetic obese patients.

This retrospective follow-up study included non-diabetic obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m 2 or higher who underwent MS (LSG or GB) in a single institution in Ahvaz, Iran, from April 2019 to March 2023. Of the 162 reviewed patients, 139 subjects (85.80%) who completed one-year follow-up visits were included in this study. Medical history, anthropometric, biochemical parameters, comorbidities and Framingham risk score (FRS) were evaluated at baseline and annual visits after MS.

The mean weight and BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), FRS, lipid profile, liver enzymes and fasting blood glucose (FBS) were significantly improved 12 months postoperatively. The percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) and BMI loss (%BMI) was 30.32±8.14 and 30.32±8.14, respectively, at the one-year follow-up after surgery. At one-year follow-up, a significant resolution of hypertension and dyslipidemia was observed in 44.4% and 73.9% of patients, respectively, and this improvement was stable throughout the follow-up period, with no significant difference between procedures. The type of MS had no effect on changes in weight and BMI at one-year and long-term follow-up after surgery (P>0.05), except the mean weight loss was greater with RYGB than LSG at one-year follow-up.