Complicated Giant Splenic Hydatid Cyst: Case Report and Literature Review

Hydatid disease is a zoonotic parasitic infection predominantly caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. It remains endemic across various regions globally. In nearly 90% of cases, hydatid cysts develop in the liver and lungs; however, other organs, including the spleen, may rarely be affected, particularly in regions with high disease prevalence. A 15-year-old female patient was referred to our pediatric surgery emergency department with a complaint of a splenic cystic mass. The patient had a history of previous surgery for a hepatic hydatid cyst. Clinical evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of a splenic hydatid cyst. During surgical procedure, the cyst was found to be infected, containing straw-colored fluid, with significant adhesions to the diaphragm and surrounding tissues, complicating the procedure. A splenectomy was performed, and the patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery. Diagnosing splenic hydatid cysts can be challenging due to their nonspecific clinical presentation and the rarity of the condition. If left untreated, these cysts may lead to serious complications, including rupture and secondary infection. This case highlights an unusual location of the hydatid cyst in a patient with limited access to appropriate and definitive treatment.